Author · Guides
Keyboard Accessibility Testing
A practical guide to keyboard accessibility testing: what to check, the exact keys to use, and a component-by-component reference table mapped to WCAG.
Anton Stewart
Contributor, AccessBell
Anton Stewart contributes to AccessBell’s guides on web accessibility, WCAG and accessibility testing.
Every article Anton Stewart works on follows our editorial process: requirements are checked against the primary source, such as the W3C’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, and each article shows a review history so you can see what changed and when.
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Articles by Anton Stewart
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content Explained in Plain English
WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content explained simply: how to write alt text for every kind of image, icon, chart and CAPTCHA, with code examples and a test routine.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 1.2.9 Audio-only (Live) Explained in Plain English
WCAG 1.2.9 Audio-only (Live) explained simply: what counts as live audio, who it helps, how to add real-time captions or transcripts, and how to test it.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence Explained in Plain English
WCAG 1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence explained simply: why reading order matters, how CSS and layout tables break it, how to fix it and how to test your pages.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color Explained in Plain English
WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color explained simply: why color cannot be the only cue, fixes for links, forms, charts and status icons, and how to test your pages.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) Explained in Plain English
WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) explained simply: the 4.5:1 and 3:1 ratios, what counts as large text, the exceptions, fixes and how to test your colors.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation Explained in Plain English
WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation explained simply: the five rules for readable blocks of text, who they help, the CSS to meet them and how to test your pages.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide Explained in Plain English
WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide explained simply: what moving and auto-updating content needs, the 5-second rule, carousel fixes and how to test your pages.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 2.2.3 No Timing Explained in Plain English
WCAG 2.2.3 No Timing explained simply: why time limits exclude people, the two exceptions, how it differs from 2.2.1, and how to remove timers from your site.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum) Explained in Plain English
WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum) explained simply: the 24 by 24 pixel rule, the spacing test, the five exceptions, CSS fixes and how to check your site.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 3.2.2 On Input Explained in Plain English
WCAG 3.2.2 On Input explained simply: what counts as a change of context, who it helps, how to meet it with examples and code, and how to test your forms.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 3.3.2 Labels or Instructions Explained in Plain English
WCAG 3.3.2 Labels or Instructions explained simply: visible labels, format hints, grouped fields and required markers, with code examples and a test routine.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 3.3.8 Accessible Authentication (Minimum) Explained in Plain English
WCAG 3.3.8 Accessible Authentication (Minimum) explained: why password recall and CAPTCHAs fail, the four exceptions, login fixes and how to test yours.
Author · WCAG Codes Explained
WCAG 4.1.3 Status Messages Explained in Plain English
WCAG 4.1.3 Status Messages explained simply: what counts as a status message, how to announce it with role=status or alert, code examples and how to test.
Author · Standards
What You Should Know About WCAG 2.2
Here's what you should know about WCAG 2.2: the nine new success criteria, what changed since WCAG 2.1, whether you must conform, and how to test your site.
Author · Guides
Automated vs Manual Accessibility Testing: Where Each Fits
What automated accessibility testing catches, what needs a human, and how to combine both into a repeatable process that keeps your website WCAG compliant.
Author · Standards
WCAG 2.2 Checklist: What Changed and How to Test Each Criterion
A practical WCAG 2.2 AA checklist: the nine new success criteria, the one that was removed, and how to test your website against each requirement.
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